PLATES & SHEETS

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HIGH STRENGTH & ALLOY STEELS

HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY (WEATHERING) STEELS A242, A588, A606 TYPE IV

A family of premier, atmospheric corrosion resistant (weathering) high strength low alloy structural steel shapes, plates and bars for welded, riveted or bolted construction but intended primarily for

use in welded bridges and buildings, where savings in weight or added durability are important. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of this steel in most environments is substantially better than that of most carbon structural steels with or without copper addition. In fact, the corrosion resistance is aproximately four times that of A36.

ASTM A572-50

High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium — Vanadium Structural Steel

This specification covers four grades of high-strength low alloy structural steel shapes, plates, sheet piling and bars. Grades 42 and 50 are intended for riveted, bolted, or welded construction of bridges, buildings and other structures. Grades 60 and 65 are intended for riveted or bolted construction of bridges, or for riveted, bolted or welded construction in other applications.

For welded bridge construction notch toughness is an important requirement. The use of columbium, vanadium, and nitrogen or combinations thereof, within certain limitations shall be at the option of the producer.

ASTM A709

The standard specification for carbon and high-strength low-alloy structural steel shapes, plates, and bars and quenched and tempered alloy steel for structural plates intended for use in bridges. It is available in six grades and four yield strength levels.

A709-36 A709-50W A709-100

A709-50 A709-70W A709-100W

Grades 50W, 70W and 100W have enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance.

The ASTM A709 specification meets all the requirements of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) codes.

ASTM A656

Hot-Rolled Structural Steel, High-Strength Low-Alloy Plate with Improved Formability

This specification covers high-strength, low-alloy, hot rolled structural steel plate for use in truck frames, brackets, crane booms, rail cars, and similar applications. Steels that conform to this specification offer improved formability. These steels shall be made to a killed steel fine grain practice, and include specified alloying elements.

These steels are normally furnished as rolled.The product is furnished in two types and four strength grades.

Grade 50 Grade 70

Grade 60 Grade 80

PRESSURE VESSEL QUALITY (PVQ) PLATE ASTM A516

This specification covers carbon steel plates intended primarily for service in welded pressure vessels where improved notch toughness is important. Plates under this specification are available in four grades.

Grade 55 Grade 65

Grade 60 Grade 70

Plates 1.50" and under in thickness are normally supplied in the “as-rolled” condition. The plates may be ordered normalized or stress relieved or both. Plates over 1.50" thick are required to be normalized. A516 grade 70 is the grade that is stocked by most warehouses.

Other pressure vessel quality (PVQ) plates not as popular as A516 are ASTM A285, ASTM A515 and ASTM A387. ASTM A285 and

ASTM A515 have basically been replaced by ASTM A516. ASTM 387 is an alloy (PVQ) plate.

QUENCHED AND TEMPERED STEEL ASTM A514

This ASTM specification covers quenched and tempered alloy steel plates of structural quality in thickness of 6" and under, intended primarily for use in welded bridges and other structures. When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service will be utilized.

There are fourteen different grades of A514, each differing in their chemistry. Although A514 is produced to a maximum thickness of 6", not all of the grades are available to that thickness.

This specification is utilized primarily for its high yield to weight ratio. Plates 2.50" and under have a minimum yield strength of 100,000 psi. Plates over 2.50" to 6" have a minimum yield strength of 90,000 psi. These yield strengths are approximately three times the strength of A-36.

All steel plates have a particular hardness value. A514, being a quenched and tempered alloy steel has a Brinell hardness range of 235-293 through 3/4" thickness per ASTM specifications. This Brinell hardness will not appear on any mill certification, since A514 is used for strength only.

ABRASION RESISTANT STEEL PLATE

Steel plate comes in a wide range of hardness. Hardness in steel can be defined as resistance to penetration. Abrasion resistant plate is manufactured to a Brinell hardness. Hardness is measured using a Brinell test. The smaller the indentation on the plate surface after the Brinell test, means less penetration and the “harder” the plate surface. Hardness in steel is directly proportional to tensile strength. As hardness and strength increases, the formability and weldability of steel decreases. Even though there is a direct correlation between steel hardness and tensile strength, mill producers will not certify to both.

There are two types of abrasion:

1. Impact abrasion — surface is worn away by chipping, spalling or cutting caused by hard materials striking the surface.

2. Sliding abrasion — surface is worn away by friction, such as sand sliding down a chute.

There are no specific ASTM specifications for abrasion resistant (AR) steel. Over the years, steel producers, end users and wear plate distributions have developed trade names and specifications for a general group of applications that have become standard in the industry.

Because there are no published standards there can be a great deal of flexibility in the chemistries used.

AR steels are usually tested for surface hardness only. The specific AR steels fall into the following ranges.

The 400 formable and 500 formable combine the benefits of a low sulfur, low carbon equivalent chemistry to improve both welding and cold forming characteristics beyond traditional abrasion resistant steels. Also, unlike traditional AR steels, the 400 formable steel has a through-thickness hardness.

WIDTH AND LENGTH TOLERANCE FOR SHEARED PLATES

(11⁄2 in. and under in thickness)

LENGTH TOLERANCE ONLY FOR UNIVERSAL MILL PLATES

(21⁄2 in. and under in thickness)

aPermissible variations in length apply also to Universal Mill plates up to 12 in. in width for thicknesses over 2 to 21⁄2 in., incl. except for alloy steels up to 23⁄4 in. thick.

Notes: Permissible variations under specified width and length, 1/4 in.

Table applies to all steels listed in ASTM A6.

STANDARD MILL PRACTICE

Rectangular sheared plates and Universal mill plates

WIDTH TOLERANCE FOR UNIVERSAL MILL PLATES

(15 in. and under in thickness)

Notes: Permissible variation under specified width, 1/8 in.

Table applies to all steels listed in ASTM A6.

CAMBER TOLERANCE FOR CARBON STEEL SHEARED AND GAS CUT RECTANGULAR PLATES

Maximum permissible camber, in. (all thicknesses) = 1/8 in. x (total length, ft./5)

CAMBER TOLERANCE FOR CARBON STEEL UNIVERSAL MILL PLATES, HIGH-STRENGTH AND HIGH-STRENGTH LOW—ALLOY STEEL SHEARED AND GAS CUT RECTANGULAR PLATES, UNIVERSAL MILL PLATES, SPECIAL CUT PLATES

FLATNESS TOLERANCES (CARBON STEEL ONLY)

General Notes:

1. The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and permissible variations in flatness along the length should not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft. in length.

2. The flatness variations across the width should not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

3. When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the permissible variation should not exceed 1/4 in. When the longer dimension is from 36 to 72 in., incl., the permissible variation should not exceed 75% of the tabular amount for the specified width, but in no case less than 1/4 in.

4. These variations apply to plates which have a specified minimum tensile strength of not more than 60,000 psi or compatible chemistry or hardness. The limits in the table are increased 50% for plate specified to a higher minimum tensile strength or compatible chemistry or hardness.

   
   

   
   

   FLATNESS TOLERANCES (HIGH-STRENGTH LOW ALLOY AND ALLOY STEEL, HOT ROLLED OR THERMALLY TREATED)

   
   

   Specified Thickness, in.	Flatness Tolerances for Specified Widths, In.
   	To 36, excl.	36 to 48, excl.	48 to 60, excl.	60 to 72, excl.	72 to 84, excl.	84 to 96, excl.	96 to 108, excl.	108 to 120, excl.
   To 1⁄4, excl. 1⁄4 to 3⁄8, excl.	13⁄16Qx11⁄8 3⁄4	13⁄8 15⁄16	17⁄8 11⁄8	2 13⁄8	21⁄4 13⁄4	23⁄8 17⁄8	25⁄8 2	21⁄4
   3⁄8 to 1⁄2, excl.	3⁄4	7⁄8	15⁄16	15⁄16	11⁄8	15⁄16	11⁄2	15⁄8
   1⁄2 to 3⁄4, excl.	5⁄8	3⁄4	13⁄16	7⁄8	1	11⁄8	11⁄4	13⁄8
   3⁄4 to 1, excl.	5⁄8	3⁄4	7⁄8	7⁄8	15⁄16	1	11⁄8	15⁄16
   1 to 2, excl.	9⁄16	5⁄8	3⁄4	13⁄16	7⁄8	15⁄16	1	1
   2 to 4, excl.	1⁄2	9⁄16	11⁄16	3⁄4	3⁄4	3⁄4	3⁄4	7⁄8
   4 to 6, excl.	9⁄16	11⁄16	3⁄4	3⁄4	7⁄8	7⁄8	15⁄16	11⁄8
   6 to 8, excl.	5⁄8	3⁄4	3⁄4	15⁄16	1	11⁄8	11⁄4	15⁄16

   General Notes:

   1. The longer dimension specified is considered the length, and variations from a flat surface along the length should not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width in plates up to 12 ft. in length.

   2. The flatness variation across the width should not exceed the tabular amount for the specified width.

   3. When the longer dimension is under 36 in., the variation should not exceed 3⁄8 in. When the larger di- mension is from 36 to 72 in. incl. the variation should not exceed 75% of the tabular amount for the specified width.